2005年我國的物流業(yè)已經(jīng)全面敞開，外資會(huì)把物流職業(yè)作為新的出資熱門，對(duì)跨國物流企業(yè)在我國的經(jīng)營活動(dòng)進(jìn)行剖析，對(duì)我國物流業(yè)的開展具有積極意義。本文介紹了了跨國物流企業(yè)在我國的事務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)開展、成績概略，指出了跨國物流企業(yè)在我國開展面臨的首要問題，接著在此基礎(chǔ)上剖析了跨國物流企業(yè)在我國的開展思路，最終對(duì)我國物流企業(yè)的開展提出了幾點(diǎn)啟示。
要害詞:跨國物流，獨(dú)資，本土化
跟著世界出產(chǎn)制作中心逐漸往我國搬運(yùn)，我國的物流商場潛力越來越大，到2010年物流商場容量將到達(dá)11972億元。依照我國參加WTO時(shí)的許諾，2005年我國的物流業(yè)現(xiàn)已全面敞開，包含在公路貨運(yùn)、貨品租借、一般貨品的批發(fā)、零售及其物流配送、出入境轎車運(yùn)送等物流范疇撤銷在地域、股比等對(duì)外資的約束。因而，外資會(huì)把物流職業(yè)作為新的出資熱門。一些國外的物流巨子如UPS、Fedex、TNT、Exel等逐漸浸透國內(nèi)商場，使用技能資金和全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)勢吞噬國內(nèi)的物流商場。因而，對(duì)跨國物流企業(yè)在我國的經(jīng)營活動(dòng)進(jìn)行剖析，對(duì)我國物流業(yè)的開展具有積極意義。
一 跨國物流企業(yè)在我國的開展概略
現(xiàn)在，我國商場具有近51萬家物流企業(yè)，其間外資占了0.13%,即680余家,首要會(huì)集在長三角、珠三角、環(huán)渤海灣區(qū)域,市場比例高達(dá)8%,而且因?yàn)榭鐕谱髌髽I(yè)依然不斷和他們協(xié)作,商場比例還會(huì)不斷添加.下面從三個(gè)方面闡明跨國物流企業(yè)在我國的開展?fàn)顩r.
1.事務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)—不斷擴(kuò)大.現(xiàn)在跨國物流企業(yè)物流事務(wù)首要會(huì)集在①空運(yùn)和速遞。現(xiàn)在我國國內(nèi)航空貨運(yùn)商場將以均勻每年10.3%速度添加,速遞商場規(guī)模現(xiàn)已超越100億元,且每年以30%速度遞加。特別是《中美擴(kuò)展航空服務(wù)協(xié)議》簽定后,航空貨運(yùn)競賽尤為劇烈.TNT、 DHL、UPS、Fedex通過不同方法從事航空貨運(yùn)、國內(nèi)包裹、重貨快遞、郵件速遞等事務(wù)。②海運(yùn)，如馬士基和美集物流、鐵行渣華，這些物流企業(yè)具有杰出的海運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和操作經(jīng)歷，首要供給世界海運(yùn)、外輪署理、集裝箱多式聯(lián)運(yùn)、碼頭、港口等物流事務(wù)③增值物流服務(wù)，如倉儲(chǔ)、配送、加工、包裝、報(bào)關(guān)、售后收回逆向物流、金融服務(wù)、進(jìn)出口交易、人力和人才租借署理等。在進(jìn)出交易中，UPS同國內(nèi)的一些金融機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行協(xié)作來為出口商供給代收款和庫存典當(dāng)?shù)群芏嘟鹑诜?wù)。④公路貨運(yùn)以及出入境公路運(yùn)送、鐵路貨運(yùn)。馬士基也逐漸在這些領(lǐng)域與我國有關(guān)企業(yè)協(xié)作。⑤全程供應(yīng)鏈辦理，也便是咱們常常說到的第四方物流形式，這是他們事務(wù)開展趨勢。如UPS成立了供應(yīng)鏈解決方案公司，將UPS的事務(wù)擴(kuò)展到以物流、快遞、金融、供應(yīng)鏈咨詢?yōu)橹行牡娜轿坏谒姆轿锪鬓k理。以上這些跨國物流企業(yè)在事務(wù)目標(biāo)上首要會(huì)集在我國的跨國企業(yè)和合資企業(yè)，物流范疇觸及家電、轎車、IT、化工、高科技、電信、電子、醫(yī)藥保健品、銀制品、零售、食物、出售品等范疇。
2.網(wǎng)絡(luò)開展—不斷拓寬。面臨我國物流商場的開發(fā)，國外物流巨子紛紛高調(diào)推出我國區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建造方案，一些世界級(jí)的物流公司如DHL、UPS、Fedex、TNT都加大了對(duì)我國區(qū)的 資金投入和網(wǎng)絡(luò)建造，而且紛繁將亞太總部遷往我國的上海等地。跨國物流企業(yè)在我國的網(wǎng)點(diǎn)首要會(huì)集在以香港為中心的珠江三角洲區(qū)域、以上海為中心的長江三角洲區(qū)域、以京津區(qū)域?yàn)橹行牡沫h(huán)渤海灣區(qū)域等經(jīng)濟(jì)開展較快的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，85.96%散布在東部區(qū)域,8.78%散布在中部區(qū)域,5.26%散布在西部地區(qū),其首要散布城市為上海、廈門、大連、天津、青島、深圳、廣州等港口城市和南京、北京等部分內(nèi)陸城市,而且逐漸向中西部省市自治區(qū)擴(kuò)展.如現(xiàn)在Fedex是僅有一家在華南、華北、華東區(qū)域都有事務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的世界快運(yùn)公司。最近,聯(lián)邦快遞以上海為中心在我國有220個(gè)城市網(wǎng)點(diǎn),服務(wù)500個(gè)城市,方案在2008年前再添加100個(gè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)，服務(wù)擴(kuò)大到1000個(gè)服務(wù)城市。Fedex本年7月將亞太轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心設(shè)在廣州白云世界機(jī)場，為分食我國巨大的貨運(yùn)商場尤其是國內(nèi)快運(yùn)商場搭建了戰(zhàn)略渠道，聯(lián)邦快遞一切在亞洲網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)運(yùn)送的貨品，都將經(jīng)白云機(jī)場中轉(zhuǎn);UPS供應(yīng)鏈公司在我國的分公司現(xiàn)已達(dá)23家，世界物流事務(wù)遍及我國170多個(gè)城市,其間廣州、上海和香港是聯(lián)絡(luò)歐洲和美國的首要航點(diǎn).UPS方案于2007年在上海樹立航空轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心，那些從我國運(yùn)到美國的貨品都可以通過上海進(jìn)行分配，美國貨品進(jìn)來后也由上海分配到各地。樹立上海轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心后，UPS還將依據(jù)未來美國交通部分配的更多航權(quán)班次，向我國西部開展并與歐洲各國銜接。
3.成績概略–不斷攀升。短短幾十年來，世界物流快遞四巨子UPS、Fedex、DHL、TNT現(xiàn)已占有了我國世界快遞事務(wù)的80%商場比例，在我國每年事務(wù)量和經(jīng)營收入均堅(jiān)持20%以上添加。UPS 2003年在我國商場事務(wù)量同比添加45%，出售額到達(dá)335億美元，2004年第2季度，我國區(qū)域的事務(wù)出口量較2003年同期添加70%，到2007年UPS將完成15%經(jīng)營毛利。The job opens Chinese logistics in 2005 already all round , foreign capital is able to look on logistics industry as the new popular investment spot , enterprise carries out analysis on transnational logistics in business operations of our country , development of job has active significance to our country logistics. Business structure , network development , achievement general situation the main body of a book is introduced having finished transnational logistics enterprise in our country, have pointed out transnational logistics enterprise primal problem developing a frontage in our country , have proceed here, to have analysed the transnational logistics enterprise train of thought in our country on the basis , to have brought forward several enlightenments to development of our country logistics enterprise finally. Keywords: Transnational logistics , single-owner investment , localization change with the fact that the world produces the fabrication centre gradually to China , the logistics of our country market potential is more and more big , logistics marketplace capacities will reach 1,197,200,000,000 yuan to 2010. According to that our country adds the promise time WTO,in 2005 the Chinese logistics job opens to the outside world already all round, including that freight , the goods renting , general goods wholesale , retail and their logistics fields such as logistics distribution , entry-exit motor transport canceling in restriction on foreign capital such as region , share ratio in the highway. Therefore, foreign capital is able to look on logistics industry as the new popular investment spot. A few abroad logistics magnate seeps through home market gradually if UPS , Fedex , TNT , Exel wait , makes use of the technology fund and the whole world network advantage to devor the domestic logistics marketplace. Therefore, enterprise carries out analysis on transnational logistics in business operations of our country , development of job has active significance to our country logistics. One transnational logistics enterprise general situation in our country at present, the Chinese marketplace has owned almost 510,000 logistics enterprise , among them, foreign capital has accounted for 0.13% , has been more than 680, concentrate Bohai Bay area on the long triangle , the pearl triangle , be encircled by mainly, market share height amounts to 8% , market share is able to increase by unceasingly since and transnational fabrication enterprise works together with them still unceasingly. Following explains the transnational logistics enterprise condition in our country from three aspect. 1. Business structure— expands unceasingly. Concentrate business on air transport (1) and pass quickly mainly. The airfreight marketplace will increase by with 10.3% speed sharing every year at present Chinese in the homeland , speed passes marketplace scale already exceeding 10 billion yuan , speed increases by degrees and with 30% every year. The label fixes the queen especially “Sino-US expands aviation serving an agreement ” , airfreight competition is especially fierce. By being unlike way being engaged in the airfreight , in the homeland parcel , heavy cargo express mail,speed passes TNT , DHL , UPS , Fedex waiting for business. Ocean shipping, does (2) residue China if Ma Shi Ji He Mei incorporates logistics , iron , these logistics enterprise has the fine ocean shipping network and handles experience, act for , how dyadic through transport , dock , harbour container logistics business (3) added value logistics such as serves , the finance serves , foreign trade , manpower and talented person rent if keeping logistics in a storehouse , matching, agency foreign ship providing international ocean shipping mainly, to wait. A lot of finances carrying out the stock mortgage cooperating to come to gather money of for the exporter provides generation drawing in the banking institution passing in and out of trade middle , UPS and domestic few waiting are served. (4) highway freight and entry-exit highway transportation , railroad freight. Ma Shi Ji cooperates with Chinese in relation to enterprise also step by step in these fields. That whole journey supply chain management (5), is just the fourth parties logistics pattern that we often mention , this is their business developing trend. The company who resolves a scheme if UPS has set up supply chain, expands the UPS business to the all-direction fourth parties logistics administration taking that logistics , express delivery , finance , supply chain consult about as core. All above these transnational logistics enterprise concentrates the transnational enterprise and joint venture in our country on business marriage partner mainly, logistics field fields such as relating to the home appliance , automobile , IT , chemical industry , high technology , telecommunication , electron , medicine health care articles , silver products , retail , food , selling a product. 2 networks are developed opening up an exhibition unceasingly. And exploitation facing the Chinese logistics marketplace, high-sounding words of logistics magnate numerous and confused promotes the Chinese area network construction plan abroad , a little world-level the logistics company throws into sum network construction if DHL , UPS , Fedex , TNT have all enlarged the fund to Chinese area, Shanghai moving to Chinese numerously and confusedly with Asia-Pacific general headquarter waits for a field. Transnational logistics enterprise concentrates economic growth such as Yangtze River delta area , centering on moist area of Beijing ring Bohai Bay area taking Shanghai as centre in centering on Hong Kong the Delta of the Pearl River area on net of our country mainly, quicker economic zone, 85.96% scatter on eastern region, 8.78% scatter on central region, 5.26% scatter on western region, the person main scatter city be Shanghai, Xiamen, Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and so on harbour city and Nanjing, Beijing and so on part inland city, And face Middle West province city autonomous region expand step by step. If Fedex is unique at present one international express company having business network in South China , North China , eastern China. Lately, FedEx takes Shanghai as centre having 220 cities net to serve 500 cities in China , the point planning the net increasing by 100 again before 2008, serves the city expanding serving to 1000. Fedex is set up in Guangzhou white cloud international airport the Asia-Pacific luck turns in ones favour centre this July , is is that the gigantic freight marketplace especially the express marketplace hangs in the homeland has built strategy platform eat China mark, the goods that FedEx possessions conveys within Asia network, will transit shipment after white cloud airport; The branch company of UPS supply chain company in our country already amounts to 23 , international logistics business is all over the more than 170 our country city, Guangzhou , Shanghai and Hong Kong among them are that main part contacting Europe and American navigates point. The UPS plan transships a centre in setting up aviation in Shanghai in 2007 , those transport to the American goods from China can carry out assignment process Shanghai , the USA goods distributes to everywhere also from Shanghai after coming in. Build Shanghai after transshiping a centre, UPS will according to more aviation right number of runs or flights that future USA Ministry of Communications assigns, develop to Chinese western part and link with Europe every country. 3. The achievement general situation climbs a litre unceasingly. In recent several tens years , international short logistics express delivery four magnates UPS , Fedex , DHL , TNT have already occupied 80% market share of Chinese international express delivery , business amount and business earnings have increased by in China above keeping 20% without exception every year. UPS increases by 45% compared with the same period of the last year in Chinese marketplace business amount in 2003 , sales volume reaches 33,500,000,000 U. S. dollar, Chinese area business exports amounts in 2004 2nd quarter, increasing 70% compared to the same term in 2003, gross profit doing business to UPS in 2007 with realizing 15%. UPS is growing by amounts in the whole world business in 2004 being 10% , is accompanying but middle bad.

http://m.jintingqj.cn/wuliuwenda/67629.html 求，一篇關(guān)于物流，外貿(mào)，運(yùn)送，方向的英語文章，最好帶上翻譯!